ABSTRACT
Introducción: La actividad física diaria está reducida en la EPOC lo que se asocia a una mayor morbimortalidad. La indicación médica de caminar más se ha demostrado poco eficaz y, en nuestro medio, se desconoce el beneficio del uso de los contadores de pasos en la EPOC. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de los contadores de pasos para incentivar la actividadfísica en la EPOC. Método: 55 Pacientes con EPOC fueron incorporados a un programa de tres meses destinado a aumentar su actividad física y fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos grupos: en uno el paciente autocontroló su actividad con un contador de pasos (grupo experimental) y en el otro se siguió el manejo habitual (grupo control). Al comienzo y al final del estudio se realizaron las siguientes mediciones: promedio de pasos caminados por día medidos en una semana, espirometría, caminata de seis minutos (C6M), disnea con escala de la Medical Research Council Modificada (mMRC) y calidad de vida mediante cuestionario de Saint George (SGRQ) y COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Resultados: 69 por ciento de los pacientes eran hombres, edad promedio 68 años, VEF1ICVF = 55 por ciento, VEF(1)63 por ciento predicho. El grupo experimental (n = 29) y el control (n = 26) presentaron características basales comparables. El grupo experimental presentó una diferencia significativa en el incremento de los pasos por día en comparación con el grupo control (mediana de 2073,5 versus -68, p < 0,001). También hubo diferencia en la reducción del componente síntomas del SGRQ (promedio de -9,65 versus 0,05 puntos, grupo experimental versus control, p = 0,048). Conclusión: Un programa de incentivo de la actividad física apoyado con contadores de pasos es útil para incentivar la actividad física en la EPOC.
Introduction: The level of daily physical activity is reduced in COPD and has a negative effect on the morbidity and mortality of this condition. Usual advice is not sufficient to reverse the sedentary condition. Pedometers are widely used but their effects in COPD have not been tested in our country. Aim: To determine the effect of pedometers on physical activity in COPD patients. Method: 55 COPD patients were recruited for a 3 months individual program promoting daily physical activity enhancement and were randomly assigned either to a pedometer-based program (experimental group) or to usual care (control group). At the beginning and at the end of the intervention period we measured the average daily steps over one week, exercise capacity using the six-minute walking test (6MWT), the MMRC dyspnoea score, the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the COPD assessment Test (CAT) to estimate quality of life. Results: 69% of the subjects were male, mean age 68 years, mean FEV1IFVC 55%, mean FEV163% of predicted value. Experimental (n = 29) and control group (n = 26) had comparable baseline characteristics. There was a significant difference in the increase of steps/day in the experimental group in comparison with the control group (median value = 2073.5 versus -68, p < 0.001). Also, a significant difference was observed in the symptoms subscale score of the SGRQ (reduction of 9.65 versus 0.05points, experimental versus control group, p = 0.048). Conclusions: Pedometers are a useful tool to increase physical activity level in COPD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Motor Activity , Walking , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Quality of Life , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Motivation , Single-Blind MethodSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma , Bronchial Neoplasms/pathology , Bronchial Neoplasms , Pulmonary Atelectasis , Clinical Evolution , Bronchial Neoplasms/secondary , Colonic Neoplasms/pathology , Pneumonia , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Radiography, Thoracic , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Background: Quality of clinical interview is a key issue both for patient satisfaction and for diagnostic efficiency. Its adequacy relates to better clinical diagnosis treatment plans and patient compliance. Aim: To measure the quality of interviews performed by medical students in three Chilean medical schools before receiving specific training on the subject and to compare the scores obtained after introductory courses on interview. Material and methods: The interviews were videotaped and then evaluated using an objective scale, that measures 33 skills grouped in six areas: opening, problem exploration, non verbal facilitation, interpersonal. patient reaction and closing. The students were assigned to an experimental group that received an interactive workshop with roleplays, vignettes and videotape feedback, and to a non intervention group that received the usual bedside training on medical interviews. Results: Both groups shared the same skill level before the training, with better scores on nonverbal, patient reaction and problem exploration, and worse ones on closing and interpersonal skills. Comparing pre and post-test results, the overall score improved in the experimental group (from 33.2 to 38.3, p=0.002) and worsened among non intervened students. There were statistically significant changes for opening (p< 0.002), problem exploration (p< 0.05), non verbal facilitation (p< 0.0001) and closing (p< 0.0001). Conclusions: It is important to train students not only in specific knowledge contents but in the process of interview. This training should encourage the development of empathy and closing skills
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Interviews as Topic , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods , Medical Examination , Students, Medical , Data Collection/methods , Physician-Patient RelationsABSTRACT
Las entrevistas clínicas son una parte esencial del quehacer médico. La comunicación efectiva es una parte integral del diagnóstico, aumentan la satisfacción de los pacientes, su aceptación del tratamiento y contribuyen a un mejor uso de los recursos de salud. A pesar de lo anterior, el entrenamiento en las Escuelas de Medicina chilenas no es suficiente como para establecer una adecuada comunicación entre médico y paciente, ni para manejar las emociones que surgen en la entrevista. La mayoría de los clínicos aprende a entrevistar intuitivamente o bien lo hace imitando a sus profesores. Este trabajo describe un estudio realizado en tres Facultades de Medicina, dos públicas (Universidad de Chile y Universidad de Concepción) y otra privada (Universidad de los Andes). Para ello se filmaron entrevistas realizadas por 122 estudiantes que estaban ingresando a la etapa clínica de su formación, que luego fueron revisadas independientemente por dos jueces entrenados en aplicar una pauta de evaluación previamente validada. Se describen las características de estas entrevistas